Information about these Flashcards
- These are based on the NYS Physical Setting: Earth Science Core Guide and the Earth Science Reference Tables (ESRT). They cover the entire guide, with the exception of just a few parts of standards 1,2,6 &7, which were too process-oriented to cover on a flashcard.
(Some of these skills are included on several Skill Check cards throughout the stack.)
2. Questions based on the ESRT do not cover every possible question that could be asked, but are representative enough to check for understanding in using each chart in the ESRT.
- I’ve organized these around Tom McGuire’s Reviewing Earth Science book, since that is a common one in use all over NYS. I didn’t however, base the questions on the content of the book since Tom includes quite a bit of background material and concepts from the old Earth Science course that aren’t in the new one. For those of you unfamiliar with his book, the chapters and flashcard numbers are:
Prologue: series 0- 12 cards
Planet Earth: series 1- 26 cards
Minerals, Rocks and Resources: series 2- 34 cards
The Dynamic Crust: series 3- 36 cards
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition and Landscapes: series 4- 36 cards
Interpreting Earth’s History: series 5- 38 cards (the last two are at the end)
Properties of the Atmosphere: series 6- 36 cards
Weather Systems: series 7- 24 cards
The Water Cycle and Climates: series 8- 15 cards
Earth in Space: series 9- 9 cards
Beyond Planet Earth: series 10- 24 cards
Environmental Awareness (no cards due to no standard 4 content, and little in other standards)
Miscellaneous: 12 cards cover ESRT charts that are either used in several chapters, or in no chapters.
Total: 302 cards on 25 sheets of 12 cards each and 1 sheet of 2 cards. An additional blank flashcard sheet is included if you want to add extra cards.
- These can be used as flashcards or worksheets, or for Jeopardy review games (you could make transparencies, cut out the questions and use on the overhead.)
- An 11 page answer key is at the end. Please forgive my poor drawings!
- About me: I graduated from Geneseo with a BA in Geology, and my MS Ed in Biology is from Fredonia. This is my 24th year of teaching Earth Science, though I’ve also taught Biology, Life Science, Physics, Physical Science and Environmental Science in the past, starting with three years in New Jersey, and the rest at Little Valley Central, now newly merged as Cattaraugus-Little Valley Central. I also advise a Science Club that goes canoeing, backpacking and city-exploring. I’ve had the pleasure of serving on the SED Earth Science Exam Review Committee for the past 8 or 9 years, and have been an Earth Science Item Writer for most of those, and an Intermediate Science Item Writer for the last three years. I was also on the NTCE advisory committee for one year.
- I
hope you find these cards useful. Feel free to distribute them, but please
give me the credit. They are not to
be sold, but were created for the good of
Cattaraugus-Little
gwahl@netsync.net
0-1(S6-5) How does the graph of a cyclic change compare to the graph of a noncyclic change? |
0-7(S1-1 ESRT) What is the volume of a 56.8
g rock if its density is 3.2 g/cm3
? |
|
0-2 (S6-5) What are some examples of cyclic changes? |
0-8 (S1-1 ESRT) What is the equation for finding percent deviation or percent error? |
|
0-3 (S6-5) What is it about cyclic changes that helps us to predict their future behavior? |
0-9 (S1-1 ESRT) If a student measures the mass of a mineral to be 76.9 g when it is actually 74.8 g, what is his percent error to the nearest whole percent? |
0-4(S1-1 ESRT) What is the equation used to find the density of an object? |
0-10(Skill Check 1) -measure the length of an object with a metric ruler to the nearest tenth of a centimeter -measure the mass of an object on a triple beam
balance to the nearest tenth of a gram. -use a calculator to perform basic math operations |
|
0-5 (S1-1 ESRT) What is the density (to the nearest tenth of a g/cm3) of a rock whose mass is 46.7 g and whose volume is 18.4 cm3 ? |
0-11 (Skill Check 2) -show the solution to a math problem using the three
step method (write equation, substitute in with units,
write the answer with units) |
|
0-6 (S1-1 ESRT) What is the mass of a mineral whose density is 2.7 g/cm3 and whose volume is 38.3 cm3 ? |
0-12 (Skill Check 3) -determine the appropriate scale on a
graph for the data collected. -plot data accurately to make a line graph -interpolate and extrapolate results |
|
1-1 (S4-1.1c) What is the reference line (0o) for latitude
called? |
1-7 (S4-1.1c ESRT) How many minutes are in 1
degree? 1o = ____’ |
|
1-2 (S4-1.1c) What is the reference line (0o) for longitude
called? |
1-8 (S4-1.1c ESRT) What is the latitude and longitude of |
|
1-3 (S4-1.1c) Longitude and latitude make up Earth’s ___________ system. |
1-9 (S4-1.1c ESRT) What is the latitude and longitude of |
|
1-4 (S4-1.1c) What is the highest number of degrees that latitude can reach? Longitude? |
1-10 (S4-1.1c) How does the altitude of Polaris compare to the observer’s latitude? |
|
1-5 (S4-1.1c) For locations in compass directions should be placed after our latitude and longitude readings? |
1-11 (S4-1.1c) Why can’t people in the southern hemisphere see Polaris? |
|
1-6 (S4-1.1c) How many degrees longitude does Earth rotate in each hour? |
1-12 (S4-1.1c) If you were at the North Pole, where would you look to see Polaris? |
|
1-13 (S4-2.1q) What is an isoline? |
1-19 (S4-2.1q ESRT) What is the gradient of a
slope if it rises 350 feet over a distance
of 2 miles? |
|
1-14 (S4-2.1q) What type of isolines connect points of equal elevation? |
1-20 (S4-2.1q ESRT) What is the gradient of a section of river if it goes from a 560 foot elevation down to a 320 foot elevation in 8 miles? |
|
1-15 (S4-2.1q) What does contour interval
mean? |
1-21 (S6-3) What distance is represented by 2.5 inches on a map if the scale equals 15 miles to the inch? |
|
1-16 (S4-2.1q)
|
1-22 (S6-3) Find the distance between A and B
0 1 2
3 4 5 ++++++++++++++++++++++ |
|
1-17 (S4-2.1q) Contour lines that are close together mean that the slope or gradient is ____________. |
1-23 (S6-3)
|
|
1-18 (S4-2.1qESRT) What is the equation used to calculate gradient? |
1-24 (S6-2) On a topographic map, which way do the contour line “vees” point on a stream? |
|
1-25 (S6-2) Sketch a simple topographic map showing two conical hills separated by a valley. |
2-5 (S4-3.1a) Why isn’t color usually a good characteristic to identify minerals by? |
|
1-26 (Skill Check 4- S6-2, S4-2.1q) -construct a profile from a topo map -draw contour lines given elevation data -make a contour map from a landform model -make a 3D model from a contour map |
2-6 (S4-3.1a) If a mineral is said to be heavy for its size, what property is being used to identify it? |
|
2-1 (S4-3 intro) What three qualities do all minerals have in common? |
2-7 (S4-3.1a) How is the hardness test done? |
|
2-2 (S4-3 intro) Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition and ______________________. |
2-8 (S4-3.1a) How is the streak test done? Why is streak more reliable than
color as an identification test? |
|
2-3 (S4-3.1a) What are some properties used to identify minerals? |
2-9 (S4-3.1a) How do you tell if a mineral has a metallic or a nonmetallic luster? |
|
2-4 (S4-3.1a) What is cleavage? What is it caused by? If a mineral doesn’t have cleavage, it has __________________. |
2-10 (S4-3.1a) How can acid be used to identify some minerals? |
|
2-11 (S4-3.1b) Describe three ways in which minerals can be formed by the process of crystallization. |
2-17 (S4-3.1c ESRT) What’s the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks? |
|
2-12 (S4-3.1a ESRT) Name the mineral which has a metallic luster, doesn’t have cleavage, and has
cubic crystals. |
2-18 (S4-3.1c ESRT) As magma cooling time increases, crystal size _____________. |
|
2-13 (S4-3.1a ESRT) Name the mineral that is nonmetallic, has a hardness of 2.5, and is in
black, thin sheets. |
2-19 (S4-3.1c ESRT) What are three igneous rocks that have air bubbles in them? |
|
2-14 (S4-3.1a ESRT) What is garnet used for? |
2-20 (S4-3.1c ESRT) Felsic rocks have _________ density and are ________________ in
color, whereas mafic rocks have ________ density
and are ___________ in color. |
|
2-15 (S4-3.1c, 2.1w) How do igneous rocks form? How do sedimentary rocks form? How do metamorphic rocks form? |
2-21 (S4-3.1c ESRT) The minerals in felsic rocks typically
include: ___________________________________,
mafic rock minerals
are : _______________ _________________________________. |
|
2-16 (S4-3.1c) Describe one thing that we can infer from a rock’s mineral content and texture. |
2-22 (S4-3.1c ESRT) Name the rock which is composed of potassium feldspar, quartz,
plagioclase feldspar, biotite, and amphibole, and has 0.5 mm crystals, but no air bubbles. |
|
2-23 (S4-3.1c ESRT) Name the sedimentary rock that has a grain size of 0.05 cm. |
2-29 (S4-3.1c ESRT) What processes cause an
igneous rock to change to a sedimentary rock? |
|
2-24 (S4-3.1c ESRT) How does rock salt form? How does it differ from rock gypsum? |
2-30 (S4-3.1c ESRT) What rock types could a metamorphic rock turn into? |
|
2-25 (S4-3.1c ESRT-Sedimentary Rock Chart) What’s the basic difference between the sedimentary rocks on the top of the chart and those on the bottom of the chart? |
2-31 (S4-3.1c ESRT) List four steps needed for sediments to turn into sedimentary rock: |
|
2-26 (S4-3.1c ESRT) What’s the difference between regional and contact metamorphism? |
2-32 (S4-3.1c ESRT) Identify the following characteristics as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic: intergrown crystals, banding, fossils, alignment or foliation, glassy texture, contains garnet, rounded particles |
|
2-27 (S4-3.1c ESRT) If schist is kept under heat and pressure, it will likely turn into
__________. |
2-33 (S4-3.1c ESRT) Identify the following characteristics as sedimentary,
igneous, or metamorphic: layers, distortion, cemented fragments, air bubbles, made mainly of mica, |
|
2-28 (S4-3.1c ESRT) What differentiates foliated metamorphic rock from nonfoliated? |
2.34 (Skill Check 5: S4-3.1a&c ESRT) -identify minerals using ID tests and
chart - identify rocks as sedimentary,
igneous, or metamorphic |
|
3-1 (S4-2 intro) The heat inside Earth comes from what two sources? |
3-7 (S4-2.1j) What is the difference between an earthquake’s epicenter and its focus? |
|
3-2 (S4-2.1j) What is an earthquake? What are earthquakes caused by? |
3-8 (S4-2.1j ESRT) If the P-wave arrives at the S-wave arrives at |
|
3-3 (S4-2.1j ESRT) What are two types of earthquake waves? Which wave is faster? |
3-9 (S4-2.1j ESRT) How many seismograph stations are needed to locate an epicenter? How is earthquake magnitude determined? |
|
3-4 (S4-2.1j ESRT) How far will a P-wave travel in 9 minutes and 40 seconds? How far will an S-wave travel in the same time? |
3-10 (S4-2.1j ESRT) What are the four main layers of Earth? |
|
3-5 (S4-2.1j ESRT) How long will it take a P-wave to travel 5600 km? How long will it take an S-wave to travel 5600 km? |
3-11 (S4-2.1j ESRT) What evidence supports the idea of a liquid outer core containing iron? |
|
3-6 (S4-2.1j ESRT) If the arrival time difference between a P and S wave is 5 minutes and
20 seconds, how far away is the earthquake? |
3-12 (S4-2.1j ESRT) What evidence supports the idea of a solid inner core made of iron and
nickel? |
|
3-13 (S4-2.1j ESRT) What’s the temperature and pressure at a depth of 2000 km? |
3-19 (S4-2.1n ESRT) Identify the following as being found at convergent, divergent, or transform boundaries: mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, rifts,
trenches. |
|
3-14 (S4-2.1k&l) What are crustal “plates”? What do we think causes their movement? |
3-20 (S4-2.1n ESRT) What’s a hot spot ? What evidence can you give for their existence? |
|
3-15 (S4-2.1k&l) Describe the three main types of plate boundaries: |
3-21 (S4-2.1n) As distance from the mid ocean ridge increases, sediment thickness and age both __________. (Also, sketch graph for this relationship) |
|
3-16 (S4-2.1l) What three features are common at plate boundaries? |
3-22 (S4-2.1n) As distance from the mid ocean ridge increases, rock age ___________. (Also, sketch graph for this relationship) |
|
3-17 (S4-2.1l ESRT) Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is ____________ and _______________. New oceanic crust forms at _______________. |
3-23 (S4-2.1n) Explain how magnetic evidence supports the idea of seafloor spreading. |
|
3-18 (S4-2.1l) Describe some preparations which could reduce the hazards presented by earthquakes and volcanoes. |
3-24 (S4-2.1m ESRT) How can plate tectonics influence the rock cycle? That is, what processes in the rock cycle
can be caused by plate movement? |
|
3-25 (S4-2.1k ESRT) What seems to be the “driving force” behind plate movement? What evidence is there for this? |
3-31 (S6-5 ESRT) Approximately how long ago
were the continents all together? |
|
3-26 (S4-2.1k and 2 intro ESRT) In what way is the force causing plate movement like the cause of wind? |
3-32 (S4-2 ESRT) In which general direction is the Nazca Plate
moving? |
|
3-27 (S4-2.1o ESRT) How can plate movement affect geography, climate, and evolution
patterns? |
3-33 (S4-2 ESRT) What notable transform boundary is found on the West coast of the |
|
3-28 (S4-2 ESRT) What are several lines of evidence which when put together, confirm plate tectonics as an explanation for this
evidence? |
3-34 (S4-2 ESRT) Where the Pacific Plate is subducting under
the North American Plate, what is the name of the trench that’s formed? |
|
3-29 (S6-5 ESRT) Describe what is presently happening to the width of the |
3-35 (S2-3) What is a tsunami? |
|
3-30 (S6-5 ESRT) According to what we know about plate movement, rocks on the East coast
of |
3-36 (S2-3) How can early warning systems protect us from geological hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis? |
|
4-1 (S4-2.1s & t) What’s the difference between weathering and erosion? |
4-7 (S4-2.1t & u) Describe how some erosional agents are hazardous, and
how those hazards can be reduced by emergency preparedness. |
|
4-2 (S4-2.1s) What are the two types of weathering? Define and give a few examples of each. |
4-8 (S4-2.1u) As stream velocity increases, its erosional ability
___________________. (Sketch graph) |
|
4-3 (S4-2.1s) What processes form soil? |
4-9 (S4-2.1u) As stream gradient increases, velocity_________ As stream discharge (volume) increases, velocity _____________, and if the stream channel is smooth, the
velocity will be_______. |
|
4-4 (S4-2.1s) What affects the type and rate of weathering? |
4-10 (S4-2.1u) As length of time in a stream environment increases, sediment
angularity ____________. (Sketch graph) |
|
4-5 (S4-2.1t & u) What are the five main erosional agents? What is the source of energy for each? |
4-11 (S4-2.1u) If you see that a valley is V-shaped or U-shaped, what does that signify? |
|
4-6 (S4-2.1t & u) Describe some characteristic erosional features caused by each of the
five erosional agents. |
4-12 (S4-2.1u) Define: delta, floodplain, meander, tributary, and watershed |
|
4-13 (S4-2.1u) Define: moraine, drumlin,kettle lake, finger lake, and outwash plain. |
4-19 (S4-2.1u and S1-2 math ESRT) If a stream is moving at 100 cm/sec, what size particles can it
carry? |
|
4-14 (S4-2.1u) Explain how beaches, sandbars, and barrier islands form. |
4-20 (S4-2.1u and S1-2 math ESRT) What’s the minimum velocity a stream would have to be going to carry
cobbles? |
|
4-15 (S4-2.1u) How does sand move parallel to the shore? |
4-21 (S4-2.1u and S1-2 math ESRT) What is the size range of silt? |
|
4-16 (S4-2.1u) Describe evidence of mass movement. |
4-22 (S4-2.1v and S6-1) When stream velocity decreases, what particles will be dropped first? |
|
4-17 (S4-2.1u) Explain how climate affects what type of erosional agent will be
dominate in an area. Give examples. |
4-23 (S4-2.1v and S6-1) How do deposition time and deposition rate compare? |
|
4-18 (S4-2.1u and S1-2 math ESRT) As stream velocity increases, the sediment size carried
_________________. (Sketch graph) |
4-24 (S4-2.1v, S1-2 Sci and S6-1) As particle size increases, deposition time ___________and deposition rate _________. (Sketch rate:size graph) |
|
4-25 (S4-2.1v, S1-2 Sci and S6-1) As particle density increases, deposition time _________and deposition rate _____________. (sketch rate:density graph) |
4-31 (S4-2.1p & r) What are the characteristics of mountains, plateaus,
and plains? |
|
4-26 (S4-2.1v, S1-2 Sci and S6-1) As particle angularity increases, deposition time ____________and deposition rate__________. (sketch rate: angularity graph) |
4-32 (S4-2.1p & r ESRT) Identify some mountain landscape regions in NYS. Identify some plateau landscape regions in NYS. Identify some plains landscape regions in NYS. |
|
4-27 (S4-2.1v and S6-1) Where on a meander will erosion dominate? Where will deposition dominate? Why? |
4-33 (S4-2.1p & r ESRT) What landscape region is |
|
4-28 (S4-2.1v and S6-1) What’s the difference between sorted and unsorted sediments? Which erosional agents will leave sorted deposits, and which will leave unsorted deposits? |
4-34 (S4-2.1p & r ESRT) What landscape region is found at 42o N, 74o 30’ W? Is this a plain, plateau, or mountain landscape region? |
|
4-29 (S4-2.1v and S6-1) When a stream enters a body of water, describe the depositional pattern of sediments. |
4-35 (S4-2.1p ) Relate stream drainage patterns to bedrock structure. Sketch each pattern. |
|
4-30 (S4-2.1p & r) What are landforms, and what causes them? What affects landscape development? |
4-36 (S4-2.1p ESRT ) What type of stream drainage pattern would likely be found near Why? |
|
5-1 (S4-1.2j) What is the main evidence used by geologists to learn about Earth’s history? |
5-7 (S4-1.2j) If intrusion A cross-cuts intrusion B,
which is older? |
|
5-2 (S4-1.2j) Give some examples of how rock characteristics can tell us about how
they formed and what their environment of formation was like. |
5-8 (S4-1.2j) What is contact metamorphism and how is it shown on cross-section
diagrams? |
|
5-3 (S4-1.2j) Give some examples of how fossils can tell us about past environmental
conditions in an area. |
5-9 (S4-1.2j) How can one tell if an igneous rock unit is an intrusion or an
extrusion? |
|
5-4 (S4-1.2j) What is the concept of original horizontality? |
5-10 (S4-1.2j) Intrusions are always __________than the rock they’re found in, whereas
extrusions are ______ than the rock below them and ________ than the rock
above them. |
|
5-5 (S4-1.2j) What is superposition and how is it used to determine rock unit
sequence? |
5-11 (S4-1.2j) What is an unconformity, and what is its significance in understanding
the rock record? |
|
5-6 (S4-1.2j) How do folds and faults relate in age to the rocks they have affected? |
5-12 (S4-1.2j) What processes must happen to form an unconformity? How can you tell by looking at a cross-section if there is an
unconformity there? |
|
5-13 (S4-1.2j) How do volcanic ash layers and meteoric debris aid in correlating rock
units? |
5-19 (S4-1.2j ESRT) If a rock starts out with one gram of K40, how much will be left after
2.6 x 109 years? |
|
5-14 (S4-1.2j) What are index fossils and why are they useful? |
5-20 (S4-1.2j) How do things like pressure, temperature, and other environmental
conditions affect the decay rate of a certain isotope? |
|
5-15 (S4-1.2j) What is used to find the age of rocks? (absolute dating as opposed to relative dating) |
5-21 (S4-1.2j ESRT) What element does Uranium-238 decay into? (What’s its decay product?) |
|
5-16 (S4-1.2j) What is the concept of half-life? |
5-22 (S4-1.2j ESRT) What isotope would be most useful in dating organic remains of just a
few tens of thousands of years old? |
|
5-17 (S4-1.2j) Sketch the typical graph for the decay of a radioactive isotope. |
5-23 (S4-1.2j ESRT) On what basis has geologic history been divided into Eons, Eras, Periods,
Epochs, etc? |
|
5-18 (S4-1.2j ESRT) What are four radioactive isotopes and what are their half-lives? |
5-24 (S4-1.2 I&j ESRT) Most of the species alive in the past have become
________________. How do we know this? |
|
5-25 (S4-1.2 I&j ESRT) How does the span of human existence compare with the age of Earth and
the evolution of other life forms? |
5-31 (S6-3 ESRT) On a typical geologic time scale, would there be any problem in plotting recent historic events,
such as the Civil War? |
|
5-26 (S4-1.2 I&j ESRT) When did the Cambrian Period end? During what period did the earliest insects evolve? When did dinosaurs become extinct? |
5-32 (S6-3 ESRT) If a geologic timeline uses a scale of 1mm=1 million years, how long
should the Devonian Period be represented as? |
|
5-27 (S4-1.2 I&j ESRT) For what Paleozoic period is there no NYS rock record? Which evolved first- gastropods or corals? |
5-33 (S4-1.2 ESRT) How old is the rock around How old is the rock of |
|
5-28 (S4-1.2 I&j ESRT) Which is older: Centroceras or Cooksonia? Elliptocephala or Bothriolepis? Mucrospirifer or Eospirifer? |
5-34 (S4-1.2 ESRT) What landscape region is made mainly of Devonian rock? What kinds of fossils might you find there? |
|
5-29 (S4-1.2h) How has the evolution of living things affected Earth’s atmosphere, and
how did that in turn affect life’s evolution? |
5-35 (S4-1.2 ESRT) As you travel from What happens to the elevation? |
|
5-30 (S7-1) What would you do with several dozen specimens of two similar fossils
of different ages to determine if they show an evolutionary change? |
5-36 (S4-1.2 ESRT) Where is the youngest NYS surface rock material located? |
|
6-1 (S4-2.1a & 2 intro) Where does most of the energy for Earth processes come from? (external
heat source) What’s Earth’s internal heat source? |
6-7 (S4-2.1b, 2 intro ESRT) As altitude increases, air pressure _______ and air
temperature ___________. |
|
6-2 (S4-2 intro) What’s insolation? What three things can happen to insolation? |
6-8 (S4-2.1b, 2 intro) Warm air generally causes ________pressure, and cool air causes __________pressure. Wind blows from ______ pressure to __________. |
|
6-3 (S4-2 intro) What three atmospheric gases tend to absorb insolation? |
6-9 (S4-2.1b, 2 intro) Earth’s rotation causes wind in the northern hemisphere to be deflected
to the ______ and wind in the southern hemisphere to be deflected to the
________. This is called the
______Effect. |
|
6-4 (S4-2.1b, 2.2a&b, 2 intro) What are three ways heat is transferred? How does this transfer result in different atmospheric densities when heating is unequal? |
6-10 (S4-2.1b, 2.2a&b, 2 intro) Which tends to warm up and cool down faster on a sunny day- land or
water? On a sunny day then, will there be high or low pressure over the land? (relative to the water) |
|
6-5 (S4-2.1b, 2 intro) When air is warmed, its volume ___________, which causes its density to
__________, which causes the air to ___________(rise or sink) |
6-11 (S4-2.1c) As more moisture is added to air without changing its temperature, the
air’s density _________. Why? |
|
6-6 (S4-2.1b, 2 intro) When air rises, the air pressure on it __________, which causes the
air’s volume to _________, and its temperature to _________________. |
6-12 (S4-2.1c) As air temperature increases, the amount of moisture it can hold
_________. (sketch the graph) |
|
6-13 (S4-2.1c) The amount of moisture air is holding compared to how much it can hold
at that temperature is called the ____________ __________________. |
6-19 (S4-2.1c&d ESRT) What are five types of precipitation? What are their symbols? |
|
6-14 (S4-2.1c) As air temperature increases without changing the moisture content, the
relative humidity will _____. |
6-20 (S4-2.1 ESRT) What are the three temperature scales? |
|
6-15 (S4-2.1c) When air is totally saturated with water vapor, the relative humidity =
_______%. The temperature this occurs
at is called the ________________. |
6-21 (S4-2.1 ESRT) 86oF = __________oC=_________K 250 K= _________oC=__________oF |
|
6-16 (S4-2.1c&d ESRT) Dewpoint and relative humidity can be measured with a
__________________. |
6-22 (S4-2.1 ESRT) 1003.0 mb=___________inches 30.03 inches =__________mb |
|
6-17 (S4-2.1c&d ESRT) Find the dewpoint and relative humidity if the dry bulb reading is 26o
C and the wet bulb is 20oC. |
6-23 (S4-2.1 ESRT) How would 1024.3mb be recorded on a weather map? How would 984.7 mb be shown? |
|
6-18 (S4-2.1d) What instruments are used to measure: temperature? rainfall? windspeed? wind direction? |
6-24 (S4-2.1 ESRT)
information to show an air temp of 34oF, a southeast wind of 25 knots, a dewpoint of 26o, an air pressure of 993.4, and 50% cloud cover. |
|
6-25 (S4-2.1e) Which air below will have the lowest pressure? Which will have the highest? warm and dry
warm and moist cool and dry
cool and moist |
6-31 (S4-2.2a) Insolation heats surfaces unequally due to what three
possible reasons? |
|
6-26 (S4-2.1e) What are lines of equal air pressure called? When they are close together, the pressure gradient is _________, which
means wind velocity will be ________________. |
6-32 (S4-2.2 ESRT) What are the four layers of the atmosphere? |
|
6-27 (S4-2.1f) As air rises, the relative humidity __________, and when it reaches the __________, clouds can form by the process of ____________. |
6-33 (S4-2.2 ESRT) What’s the air temperature at a height of 25 miles? What’s the air temperature at a height of 100 km? |
|
6-28 (S4-2.1f) As air rises, it _________ by _______________, and when it sinks, it
__________ by _________. |
6-34 (S4-2.2 ESRT) What’s the air pressure at the stratopause? |
|
6-29 (S4-2.1f) Besides water vapor and temperatures below the dewpoint, what else is
needed for cloud formation? |
6-35 (S4-2.2 ESRT) In what layer is most of the atmospheric moisture? |
|
6-30 (S4-2.1f) Does air below a cloud contain moisture? If so, why can’t we see it there, but we can see it when it makes a
cloud? |
6-36 (S4-2.2a) Why are there relatively permanent high pressure regions at the poles and low pressure regions at the Equator? |
|
7-1 (S4-2.1g) What are some ways in which to represent weather variables? |
7-7 (S4-2.1h ESRT) Where would each of the following air masses form? mP mT cT cP |
|
7-2 (S4-2.1h) Low pressure areas are also called _________, and are zones of air convergence. High pressure areas are called ___________ and are zones of air
divergence. |
7-8 (S4-2.1h) When an air mass moves, its leading edge becomes a ________________, and is usually a place where warm air is pushed up over cooler air. |
|
7-3 (S4-2.1h) Sketch the wind motion around a low and high in the Northern
Hemisphere: L H |
7-9
|
|
7-4 (S4-2.1h) Sketch the wind motion around a low and high in the Southern Hemisphere: L H |
7-10 (S4-2.1h ESRT) Show with a diagram how an occluded front forms and what its symbol is. |
|
7-5 (S4-2.1h) Which air mass would have the lowest air pressure? cold and dry
cold and moist warm and dry
warm and moist |
7-11
What is the symbol for a stationary front? What is a stationary front |
|
7-6 (S4-2.1h ESRT) Name the following air masses and list their temperature and moisture characteristics: cP cT mT mP |
7-12
What weather changes can we expect when a warm front comes through? |
(S4-2.1h ESRT)
(S4-2.1h ESRT)|
7-13
What weather changes can we expect when a cold front comes through? |
7-19 (S4-2.1 ESRT) Draw the symbol for a hurricane: |
|
7-14
What is the jet stream and how does it affect our weather? |
7-20
Why is there almost always precipitation accompanying the passage of a front? |
|
7-15
What type of pressure systems are tornadoes and hurricanes? Compare and contrast them. |
7-21 (S4-2.1h) What are some preparations or actions you could make to reduce the hazard of thunderstorms, tornadoes, or
hurricanes? |
|
7-16
Weather in |
7-22 (S4-2.1h) Which air mass is a hurricane likely to be associated with? mP mT cT cP |
|
7-17
symbols for the
two fronts shown: |
7-23 (S4-2.1h) How does hail form? How does sleet form? How does freezing rain form? |
|
7-18 (S4-2.1 ESRT) What is a cA air mass? |
7-24 (Skill Check 6: S2-1,S6-5,S7-2) Can you: -
analyze
and interpret weather maps -
identify
fronts using weather data -
design an
emergency action plan in case of severe weather. |
|
8-1 (S4-1.2g) What is the water cycle (hydrologic cycle)? |
8-7 (S4-1.2g) As particle size increases,
porosity _______ As particle size increases,
permeability_______ As particle angularity
increases, porosity_____ As particle sorting
increases, porosity______ As particle sorting
increases, permeability____. |
|
8-2 (S4-1.2g) How does water get into the atmosphere? How does water get from the atmosphere to the ground? |
8-8 (S4-1.2g) As permeability increases, infiltration________ As infiltration increases, runoff _________. As soil saturation increases, infiltration_______, and runoff
__________. |
|
8-3 (S4-1.2g) What three things can happen to precipitation when it reaches the
ground? |
8-9 (S4-1.2g) As particle size increases, capillarity_________ What is capillarity? |
|
8-4 (S4-1.2g) The top surface of the groundwater is called the __________ ______________. |
8-10 (S4-2 intro) Earth’s heat balance is affected by the input, which is the absorption
of insolation, and its output, which is heat reradiated in the form of
_______ _____________ radiation. |
|
8-5 (S4-1.2g) The amount of infiltration depends on what three main characteristics
of the ground? |
8-11 (S4-2 intro) Earth’s heat input and output have been unbalanced in the past, causing ice ages and warm spells. This heat balance is affected by things like _________________. |
|
8-6 (S4-1.2g) What is the difference between porosity and permeability? What’s water retention? |
8-12 (S4-2.1i) Cyclic heat imbalances cause shifting temperature zones, wind, and
ocean current patterns. These contribute to our seasonal differences in
_______. |
|
8-13 (S4-2.2c) List seven factors which affect a location’s climate, and explain the influence of each factor. |
9-4 (S4-1.1d ESRT) Earth rotates once every
____ hours which equals ________o per hour. So, every _____o
of longitude marks the approximate boundary of a _______ ________ |
|
8-14 (S4-2.2d) How do phenomena like El Niño and volcanic
eruptions affect weather and climate? |
9-5 (S4-1.1 f&h, S1-3) The Sun’s apparent path through the sky changes with latitude and
season. This is caused by the fact
that Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted _____o to the plane of its orbit. |
|
8-15 (S4-2.2d) What are some ways in which humans have affected climate and
weather on Earth? |
9-6 (S4-1.1 f) Seasons are
caused by a combination of Earth’s tilt, and its ________________ around the
Sun, which it completes once a year. This changes the angle of incidence of
the Sun’s rays, which causes changes in the heating of the surface. |
|
9-1 (S1-1 Sci) Most observations of celestial motions support the idea that everything revolves around Earth. This is called the ____________ model. This model assumes no rotation of Earth. |
9-7 (S4-1.1g) What are constellations? Why do we see different constellations in winter than we do in summer? |
|
9-2 (S4-1.1e) Proof of Earth’s rotation is found in the ________ _________________ and the _______________ ________________. |
9-8 (S4-1.1 f) Compare and contrast the solstices and equinoxes as to their dates,
angles of incidences, duration of insolation, and season. |
|
9-3 (S1-1 Sci) Since Earth rotates the more accurate model is the ________________
model, which has the Sun in the center of the Solar System |
(S4-1.1h) For NYS, sketch the Dec 21, |
